22. Figures and Illustrations

22. Figures and Illustrations

Figures, graphs, photographs, radiological images, endoscopic images, flowcharts, and other illustrations should be of high quality and directly support the scientific content of the manuscript.

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reproduce copyrighted material where applicable.

Figure Requirements

• Number figures consecutively (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.).
• Cite all figures in the text in numerical order.
• Upload figures as separate high-resolution files.
• Provide a descriptive legend for each figure.
• Ensure that text within figures is clear and readable.
• Maintain patient confidentiality in clinical photographs.
• Remove patient identifiers unless written permission has been obtained.

Digital enhancement of images is permitted only to improve clarity and must not alter or misrepresent the original findings.

Manipulation of images intended to mislead readers constitutes research misconduct and may result in rejection or retraction.

Recommended File Formats

• TIFF
• JPEG
• PNG
• EPS (where applicable)

Editorial Tip

Figures should communicate scientific findings clearly while maintaining the authenticity of the original data.